PHP

Para evitar conflictos primero desinstalar php

sudo apt-get remove 'php*'
sudo apt-get purge 'php*'

Agregar el repositorio de ondrej/php

sudo apt install software-properties-common -y
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php -y
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Instalar el módulo fcgid de apache

sudo apt install libapache2-mod-fcgid -y

Instalar PHP 8.1 y 8.2

Cuando se ejecuta sudo apt-get install php7.0 aparece el error:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 php : Depends: php7.0 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Se debe ejecutar el siguiente comando para verificar que PPAs tenemos configurados:

LC_ALL=C apt policy

Si la salida es esta:

 500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ondrej/php/ubuntu disco/main amd64 Packages
     release v=19.04,o=LP-PPA-ondrej-php,a=disco,n=disco,l=***** The main PPA fo                                                                             r supported PHP versions with many PECL extensions *****,c=main,b=amd64
     origin ppa.launchpad.net

Quiere decir que hemos roto el sistema agregando fuentes extranjeras, hay que eliminar las fuentes php del sourcelist:

cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d/

Eliminar las fuentes php:

rm ondrej-ubuntu-php-disco.list
rm ondrej-ubuntu-php-disco.list.save
rm php7.3.list
rm php7.3.list.save

Actualizar e instalar

apt-get update
apt-get install php

Y listo.

En este tutorial veremos cómo instalar PHP para SQL Server, en este ejemplo usaremos la versión 7.0, si se desea la versión 7.2 sólo es reemplazar, usaré Ubuntu 16.04 pero  puede funcionar con otras versiones.

sudo su 
add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php -y 
apt-get update 
apt-get install php7.0 php7.0-dev php7.0-xml -y --allow-unauthenticated

Prerequisitos:

sudo su 
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add -

#Download appropriate package for the OS version
#Choose only ONE of the following, corresponding to your OS version

#Ubuntu 14.04
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/14.04/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list

#Ubuntu 16.04
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/16.04/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list

#Ubuntu 17.10
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/17.10/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list

exit
sudo apt-get update
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install msodbcsql17
# optional: for bcp and sqlcmd
sudo ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install mssql-tools
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc
# optional: for unixODBC development headers
sudo apt-get install unixodbc-dev

Drivers PHP para Microsoft SQL Server:

sudo pecl install sqlsrv
sudo pecl install pdo_sqlsrv
sudo su
echo extension=pdo_sqlsrv.so >> `php --ini | grep "Scan for additional .ini files" | sed -e "s|.*:\s*||"`/30-pdo_sqlsrv.ini
echo extension=sqlsrv.so >> `php --ini | grep "Scan for additional .ini files" | sed -e "s|.*:\s*||"`/20-sqlsrv.ini
exit

Apache:

sudo su
apt-get install libapache2-mod-php7.0 apache2
a2dismod mpm_event
a2enmod mpm_prefork
a2enmod php7.0
echo "extension=pdo_sqlsrv.so" >> /etc/php/7.0/apache2/conf.d/30-pdo_sqlsrv.ini
echo "extension=sqlsrv.so" >> /etc/php/7.0/apache2/conf.d/20-sqlsrv.ini
exit

Reiniciar apache

sudo service apache2 restart

Fuente:

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/connect/php/installation-tutorial-linux-mac?view=sql-server-2017#installing-the-drivers-on-ubuntu-1604-and-1710

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/connect/odbc/linux-mac/installing-the-microsoft-odbc-driver-for-sql-server?view=sql-server-2017